The edited volume deals with the expansion and institutionalization of intellectual property norms in the twentieth century, with a European focus. Its thirteen chapters revolve around the transfer, adaptation and the ambivalence of legal transplants in the interface between national and international projects, trends and contexts.

The first part discusses the institutionalization of copyright and patent law in the framework of the bigger political and economic projects of the twentieth century. The second and third parts of the collection review relevant processes in the communist regimes and the post-communist societies, respectively. The essays reflect on the concept and the mechanisms of expansion of intellectual property rights by pointing at processes of enculturation, transnationalization and universalization of norms, as well as practices of incorporation and resistance. The contributors lay a particular emphasis on the role and activity of social actors in the establishment and validation of intellectual property norms and regimes, from the function of experts and creation of expert cultures to the compelling power of popular street protests.

Acknowledgements
Introduction Hannes Siegrist and Augusta Dimou
I The Institutionalization of Intellectual Property Rights between National and International Contexts
1 Intellectual Property Rights and the Dynamics of Propertization, Nationalization, and Globalization in Modern Cultures and Economies Hannes Siegrist
2 Power and Development: The Revision Conferences of 1967 and 1971 of the Berne Convention and the Universal Copyright Convention Jonas Görtz
3 Legal Designs: Danish Designers as Court-Appointed Experts and the Expansion of the Concept of Copyright Stina Teilmann-Lock
4 Intellectual Property and Competition Policy: Patent Pooling and Industrial Concentration in Germany (1890–1930) Louis Pahlow
5 The Melting Pot of Copyright Law: Urheberrecht in Jerusalem Michael Birnhack
6 “Aryanization” Expanded? Patent Rights of Jews under the Nazi Regime Lida Barner

II Socialism: Copyright between System and Defiance
7 Copyright in the German Democratic Republic and the International Copyright Regime Matthias Wiessner
8 From State Governance to Self-Management: Culture and Intellectual Property Rights in Communist Yugoslavia Augusta Dimou
9 Samizdat, Copyright, and the State: Copyright as Censorship and the Differences between East and West Debora Halbert

III Postsocialism: Renegotiating Copyright Norms in Europe
10 The Influence of EU Copyright Harmonization Directives on the Construction of Postsocialist Copyright Law in Central and Eastern Europe Adolf Dietz
11 A New Concept in an Old Context: The Legal Framework of the Transformation of Intellectual Property in Macedonia after the Dissolution of Yugoslavia Mišo Dokmanović
12 Opposing the Expansion of Copyright Law: Social Norms in the Quest against ACTA and the “Commodification of Knowledge and Culture Project” Katarzyna Gracz
List of Contributors
Index

Barbara Lauriat, King’s College London

“This collection represents a valuable contribution to the growing sub-field of intellectual property history, which seeks to examine the development of IP legal systems within their social, political, and cultural contexts.”